Strategies
Browse 32 strategies across different families.
Always Cooperate
BasicAlways cooperates unconditionally.
Always Defect
BasicAlways defects unconditionally.
Random
BasicCooperates or defects with equal probability.
Tit For Tat
TFT FamilyCooperates on the first round, then mirrors the opponent's last action.
Tit For Two Tats
TFT FamilyDefects only after the opponent defects twice consecutively.
Generous TFT
TFT FamilyLike TFT but forgives opponent defections with probability ~1/3.
Suspicious TFT
TFT FamilyDefects on the first round, then mirrors the opponent's last action.
Hard TFT
TFT FamilyDefects if the opponent defected in any of the last 3 rounds.
Contrite TFT
TFT FamilyTFT variant that cooperates when contrite (own action was noise-flipped).
Omega TFT
TFT FamilyTracks deadlock and cooperation counters to decide actions.
Joss
TFT FamilyTFT but sneaks in a defection 10% of the time when opponent cooperates.
Tideman & Chieruzzi
First TournamentTFT with escalating punishment runs and fresh-start conditions.
Nydegger
First TournamentTFT for first 3 rounds, then uses a lookup table based on last 3 rounds.
Grofman
First TournamentCooperates for 2 rounds, TFT for 5, then probabilistic.
Shubik
First TournamentEscalating retaliation: retaliates N times on Nth provocation.
Stein & Rapoport
First TournamentTFT with chi-squared randomness detection every 15 rounds.
Grudger
First TournamentCooperates until the opponent defects once, then always defects.
Davis
First TournamentCooperates for 10 rounds, then plays Grudger.
Graaskamp
First TournamentTFT for 50 rounds, probes on round 51, adapts based on response.
Downing
First TournamentEstimates conditional probabilities of opponent cooperation and maximizes EV. Starts with D.
Feld
First TournamentTFT with cooperation probability declining from 1.0 to 0.5 over 200 rounds.
Tullock
First TournamentCooperates for 11 rounds, then cooperates at opponent's rate minus 10%.
Anonymous
First TournamentAdaptive: updates cooperation probability every 10 rounds based on opponent behavior.
Gradual
Second TournamentRetaliates N times (N = total opponent defections), then cooperates twice.
Soft Majority
Second TournamentCooperates if opponent has cooperated >= defected. Cooperates on round 1.
Hard Majority
Second TournamentDefects if opponent has defected >= cooperated. Defects on round 1.
Prober
Second TournamentPlays D,C,C then always D if opponent cooperated on rounds 2 and 3, else TFT.
Handshake
Second TournamentPlays D,C on rounds 1-2. If opponent mirrors, cooperates forever; else defects forever.
Pavlov
Second TournamentWin-Stay-Lose-Shift. Cooperates first. Repeats action if scored well, switches otherwise.
Adaptive
Second TournamentOpens with C*6,D*5, then picks whichever action has averaged a higher payoff.
Extortioner
ZDZD strategy: p(CC)=11/13, p(CD)=1/2, p(DC)=7/26, p(DD)=0.
Equalizer
ZDZD strategy: p(CC)=1/2, p(CD)=1/4, p(DC)=3/4, p(DD)=1/4.