Strategies

Browse 32 strategies across different families.

Always Cooperate

Basic

Always cooperates unconditionally.

Always Defect

Basic

Always defects unconditionally.

Random

Basic

Cooperates or defects with equal probability.

Tit For Tat

TFT Family

Cooperates on the first round, then mirrors the opponent's last action.

Tit For Two Tats

TFT Family

Defects only after the opponent defects twice consecutively.

Generous TFT

TFT Family

Like TFT but forgives opponent defections with probability ~1/3.

Suspicious TFT

TFT Family

Defects on the first round, then mirrors the opponent's last action.

Hard TFT

TFT Family

Defects if the opponent defected in any of the last 3 rounds.

Contrite TFT

TFT Family

TFT variant that cooperates when contrite (own action was noise-flipped).

Omega TFT

TFT Family

Tracks deadlock and cooperation counters to decide actions.

Joss

TFT Family

TFT but sneaks in a defection 10% of the time when opponent cooperates.

Tideman & Chieruzzi

First Tournament

TFT with escalating punishment runs and fresh-start conditions.

Nydegger

First Tournament

TFT for first 3 rounds, then uses a lookup table based on last 3 rounds.

Grofman

First Tournament

Cooperates for 2 rounds, TFT for 5, then probabilistic.

Shubik

First Tournament

Escalating retaliation: retaliates N times on Nth provocation.

Stein & Rapoport

First Tournament

TFT with chi-squared randomness detection every 15 rounds.

Grudger

First Tournament

Cooperates until the opponent defects once, then always defects.

Davis

First Tournament

Cooperates for 10 rounds, then plays Grudger.

Graaskamp

First Tournament

TFT for 50 rounds, probes on round 51, adapts based on response.

Downing

First Tournament

Estimates conditional probabilities of opponent cooperation and maximizes EV. Starts with D.

Feld

First Tournament

TFT with cooperation probability declining from 1.0 to 0.5 over 200 rounds.

Tullock

First Tournament

Cooperates for 11 rounds, then cooperates at opponent's rate minus 10%.

Anonymous

First Tournament

Adaptive: updates cooperation probability every 10 rounds based on opponent behavior.

Gradual

Second Tournament

Retaliates N times (N = total opponent defections), then cooperates twice.

Soft Majority

Second Tournament

Cooperates if opponent has cooperated >= defected. Cooperates on round 1.

Hard Majority

Second Tournament

Defects if opponent has defected >= cooperated. Defects on round 1.

Prober

Second Tournament

Plays D,C,C then always D if opponent cooperated on rounds 2 and 3, else TFT.

Handshake

Second Tournament

Plays D,C on rounds 1-2. If opponent mirrors, cooperates forever; else defects forever.

Pavlov

Second Tournament

Win-Stay-Lose-Shift. Cooperates first. Repeats action if scored well, switches otherwise.

Adaptive

Second Tournament

Opens with C*6,D*5, then picks whichever action has averaged a higher payoff.

Extortioner

ZD

ZD strategy: p(CC)=11/13, p(CD)=1/2, p(DC)=7/26, p(DD)=0.

Equalizer

ZD

ZD strategy: p(CC)=1/2, p(CD)=1/4, p(DC)=3/4, p(DD)=1/4.